ဝိၵ်ႇသျိၼ်ႇၼရီႇ:လိၵ်ႈရူဝ်ႇမႅၼ်ႇ ၶမဵၼ်
ၸိူဝ်းၼႆႉၼႆႉ ပဵၼ်မၢႆမီႈ ဢၼ်ၵဵဝ်ႇလူၺ်ႈ လွင်ႈပိၼ်ႇၽႃႇသႃႇသဵင် ၼင်ႇ တူဝ်လိၵ်ႈ ၶမဵၼ် ယဝ်ႉ။
လိၵ်ႈရူဝ်ႇမႅၼ်ႇ ၶမဵၼ်
မႄးထတ်း
The Khmer language is written with the Khmer script, an Indic-based alphasyllabary. There are many methods to romanise the Khmer script; the most common schemes are the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) scheme, the Geographic Department scheme which is based on the UNGEGN scheme, the BGN/PCGN scheme and the ALA-LC scheme. All of these schemes use a mix of transcription and transliteration principles (with different proportions of mixing), and as a consequence it is appreciably difficult to algorithmically generate these romanisations in an accurate manner. Monolingual Khmer dictionaries, such as the renowned Chuon Nath Dictionary, traditionally make use of ‘respellings’ to indicate irregularities in pronunciations in a fashion similar to Thai dictionaries, though the use of respellings is not as consistent. The following will attempt to introduce the intricacies of the Khmer script and the romanisations.
မႄႈလိၵ်ႈ=
မႄးထတ်း| Consonants | Subscript form | Class | IPA (letter) | IPA (before vowel) | IPA (first in cluster) | IPA (final) | UNGEGN (letter) | Wiktionary Transliteration |
Wiktionary Transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ក | ្ក | 1 | /kɑː/ | /k/ | /k/ | /k/ | kâ | k | k |
| ខ | ្ខ | 1 | /kʰɑː/ | /kʰ/ | /k/ | /k/ | khâ | kh | kh |
| គ | ្គ | 2 | /kɔː/ | /k/ | /k/ | /k/ | kô | g | k |
| ឃ | ្ឃ | 2 | /kʰɔː/ | /kʰ/ | /k/ | /k/ | khô | gh | kh |
| ង | ្ង | 2 | /ŋɔː/ | /ŋ/ | ― | /ŋ/ | ngô | ṅ | ng |
| ច | ្ច | 1 | /cɑː/ | /c/ | /c/ | /c/ | châ | c | c |
| ឆ | ្ឆ | 1 | /cʰɑː/ | /cʰ/ | /c/ | ― | chhâ | ch | ch |
| ជ | ្ជ | 2 | /cɔː/ | /c/ | /c/ | /c/ | chô | j | c |
| ឈ | ្ឈ | 2 | /cʰɔː/ | /cʰ/ | /c/ | ― | chhô | jh | ch |
| ញ | ្ញ | 2 | /ɲɔː/ | /ɲ/ | ― | /ɲ/ | nhô | ñ | ñ |
| ដ | ្ដ | 1 | /ɗɑː/ | /ɗ/ | /ɗ/ | /t/ | dâ | ṭ | d |
| ឋ | ្ឋ | 1 | /tʰɑː/ | /tʰ/ | /t/ | /t/ | thâ | ṭh | th |
| ឌ | ្ឌ | 2 | /ɗɔː/ | /ɗ/ | ― | /t/ | dô | ḍ | t |
| ឍ | ្ឍ | 2 | /tʰɔː/ | /tʰ/ | ― | /t/ | thô | ḍh | th |
| ណ | ្ណ | 1 | /nɑː/ | /n/ | /n/ | /n/ | nâ | ṇ | n |
| ត | ្ត | 1 | /tɑː/ | /t/ | /t/ | /t/ | tâ | t | t |
| ថ | ្ថ | 1 | /tʰɑː/ | /tʰ/ | /t/ | /t/ | thâ | th | th |
| ទ | ្ទ | 2 | /tɔː/ | /t/ | /t/ | /t/ | tô | d | t |
| ធ | ្ធ | 2 | /tʰɔː/ | /tʰ/ | /t/ | /t/ | thô | dh | th |
| ន | ្ន | 2 | /nɔː/ | /n/ | ― | /n/ | nô | n | n |
| ប | ្ប | 1 | /ɓɑː/ | /ɓ/ | /p/ | /p/ | bâ | p | b |
| ផ | ្ផ | 1 | /pʰɑː/ | /pʰ/ | /p/ | /p/ | phâ | ph | ph |
| ព | ្ព | 2 | /pɔː/ | /p/ | /p/ | /p/ | pô | b | p |
| ភ | ្ភ | 2 | /pʰɔː/ | /pʰ/ | /p/ | /p/ | phô | bh | ph |
| ម | ្ម | 2 | /mɔː/ | /m/ | /m/ | /m/ | mô | m | m |
| យ | ្យ | 2 | /jɔː/ | /j/ | ― | /j/ | yô | y | y |
| រ | ្រ | 2 | /rɔː/ | /r/ | ― | /Ø/ | rô | r | r |
| ល | ្ល | 2 | /lɔː/ | /l/ | /l/ | /l/ | lô | l | l |
| វ | ្វ | 2 | /ʋɔː/ | /ʋ/ | ― | /w/ | vô | v | v |
| ឝ | ្ឝ | 1 | ― | shâ | ś | s | |||
| ឞ | ្ឞ | 2 | ― | ssô | ṣ | s | |||
| ស | ្ស | 1 | /sɑː/ | /s/ | /s/ | /h/ | sâ | s | s |
| ហ | ្ហ | 1 | /hɑː/ | /h/ | /Ø/ | ― | hâ | h | h |
| ឡ | ្ឡ | 1 | /lɑː/ | /l/ | ― | ― | lâ | ḷ | l |
| អ | ្អ | 1 | /ʔɑː/ | /ʔ/ | /ʔ/ | ― | qâ | ʾ | ʾ |
| Digraph consonants | Subscript form | Class | IPA (letter) | IPA (before vowel) | IPA (first in cluster) | IPA (final) | UNGEGN (letter) | Wiktionary Transliteration |
Wiktionary Transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ហ្គ | ― | 1 | /ɡɑː/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡ/ | /k/ | gâ | h˳g | g |
| ហ្គ៊ | ― | 2 | /ɡɔː/ | /ɡ/ | /ɡ/ | /k/ | gô | h˳g′ | g |
| ហ្ន | ― | 1 | /nɑː/ | /n/ | ― | ― | nâ | h˳n | n |
| ប៉ | ― | 1 | /pɑː/ | /p/ | /p/ | /p/ | pâ | p″ | p |
| ប៊ | ― | 2 | /ɓɔː/ | /ɓ/ | ― | ― | bô | p′ | b |
| ហ្ម | ― | 1 | /mɑː/ | /m/ | ― | ― | mâ | h˳m | m |
| ហ្ល | ― | 1 | /lɑː/ | /l/ | ― | ― | lâ | h˳l | l |
| ហ្វ | ― | 1 | /fɑː/ /ʋɑː/ |
/f/ | /f/ | /f/ | fâ, vâ | h˳v | f, v |
| ហ្វ៊ | ― | 2 | /fɔː/ /ʋɔː/ |
/f/ | /f/ | /f/ | fô, vô | h˳v′ | f, v |
| ហ្ស | ― | 1 | /ʒɑː/ /zɑː/ |
/ʒ/ | ― | ― | žâ, zâ | h˳s | ž, z |
| ហ្ស៊ | ― | 2 | /ʒɔː/ /zɔː/ |
/ʒ/ | ― | ― | žô, zô | h˳s′ | ž, z |
| Used in phonetic respellings | |||||||||
| ញ៉ | ― | 1 | /ɲɑː/ | /ɲ/ | ― | ― | nhâ | ñ″ | ñ |
| ម៉ | ― | 1 | /mɑː/ | /m/ | ― | ― | mâ | m″ | m |
| យ៉ | ្យ៉ | 1 | /jɑː/ | /j/ | ― | ― | yâ | y″ | y |
| រ៉ | ្រ៉ | 1 | /rɑː/ | /r/ | ― | ― | râ | r″ | r |
| ល៉ | ្ល៉ | 1 | /lɑː/ | /l/ | ― | ― | lâ | l″ | l |
| វ៉ | ្វ៉ | 1 | /ʋɑː/ | /ʋ/ | ― | ― | vâ | v″ | v |
| ស៊ | ្ស៊ | 2 | /sɔː/ | /s/ | /s/ | /h/ | sô | s | s |
‘Syllabic configurations’
မႄးထတ်း- a-series = 1st class; o-series = 2nd class.
- Note that the combination of diacritics may not be displayed as desired; please consult the column of examples.
| Diacritics | Examples | IPA | UN Romanization | Wiktionary Transliteration |
Wiktionary Transcription | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a-series | o-series | a-series | o-series | a-series | o-series | a-series | o-series | ||
| (none) | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ɑː/ /ɑ/ (when unstressed in some words) |
/ɔː/ /ɔ/ (when unstressed in some words) |
â | ô | a | ɑɑ, ɑ | ɔɔ, ɔ |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
/ɑ/ | /u/ (before labial finals) /ŭə/ (elsewhere) /ɔ/ (elsewhere, in codaless nonfinal syllables) |
á | ó | á | ɑ | u, ŭə, ɔ |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
/a/ | /ĕə/ (before velar finals) /ŏə/ (elsewhere) |
ă | eă oă |
ă | a | ĕə, ŏə |
| ័យ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aj/ | /ɨj/ | ăy | ay | ɨy | ||
| ័រ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ɔə/ | ăr | ɔə | |||||
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aː/ | /iə/ | a | éa | ā | aa | iə |
| ា់ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
/a/ | /ĕə/ (before velar finals) /ŏə/ (elsewhere) |
ă | eă oă |
ā́ | a | ĕə, ŏə |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
/eʔ/ (in stressed syllables) /e/ (elsewhere) |
/iʔ/ (in stressed syllables) /i/ (elsewhere) |
ĕ | ĭ | i | eʾ, e | iʾ, i |
| ិ (with non-glottal coda) |
Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ə/ | /ɨ/ | i | ə | ɨ | ||
| ិយ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /əj/ | /iː/ | iy | əy | ii | ||
| ិះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /eh/ | /ih/ | iḥ | eh | ih | ||
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /əj/ | /iː/ | ei | i | ī | əy | ii |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ə/ | /ɨ/ | œ̆ | œ̆ | ẏ | ə | ɨ |
| ឹះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /əh/ | /ɨh/ | ẏḥ | əh | ɨh | ||
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /əɨ/ | /ɨː/ | œ | œ | ȳ | əɨ | ɨɨ |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
/oʔ/ (in stressed syllables) /o/ (elsewhere) |
/uʔ/ (in stressed syllables) /u/ (elsewhere) |
ŏ | ŭ | u | oʾ, o | uʾ, u |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). (Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). with non-glottal coda) |
Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /o/ | /u/ | ŏ | ŭ | u | o | u |
| ុះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /oh/ | /uh/ | ŏh | ŭh | uḥ | oh | uh |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ou/ | /uː/ | o | u | ū | ou | uu |
| ូវ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /əw/ | /ɨw/ | ūv | əw | ɨw | ||
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /uə/ | /uə/ | uŏ | uŏ | ua | uə | uə |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aə/ | /əː/ | aeu | eu | oe | aə | əə |
| ើះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /əh/ | oeḥ | əh | |||||
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ɨə/ | /ɨə/ | œă | œă | ẏa | ɨə | ɨə |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /iə/ | /iə/ | iĕ | iĕ | īa | iə | iə |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /eː/ | /ei/ | é | é | e | ee | ei |
| េច (Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). before palatals) |
Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). |
/ə/ (before palatals) | /ɨ/ (before palatals) | e | ə | ɨ | ||
| េះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /eh/ | /ih/ | éh | éh | eḥ | eh | ih |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ae/ | /ɛː/ | ê | ê | ae | ae | ɛɛ |
| ែះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /eh/ | aeḥ | eh | |||||
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aj/ | /ɨj/ | ai | ey | ai | ay | ɨy |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ao/ | /oː/ | aô | oŭ | o | ao | oo |
| ោះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ɑh/ | /ŭəh/ | aôh | ŏăh | oḥ | ɑh | ŭəh |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aw/ | /ɨw/ | au | ŏu | au | aw | ɨw |
| ុំ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /om/ | /um/ | om | ŭm | uṃ | om | um |
| ំ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ɑm/ | /um/ | âm | um | aṃ | ɑm | um |
| ាំ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /am/ | /ŏəm/ | ăm | ŏăm | āṃ | am | ŏəm |
| ាំង | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aŋ/ | /ĕəŋ/ | ăng | eăng | āṃng | ang | ĕəng |
| ះ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /ah/ | /ĕəh/ | ăh | eăh | aḥ | ah | ĕəh |
| ៈ | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | /aʔ/ | /ĕəʔ/ | ă | eă | aʾ | ĕəʾ | |
Independent vowels
မႄးထတ်း- Note that words spelt with independent vowels should always have respellings in entries, for example Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). should be respelt as អ៊ូកា.
- Also note that the independent vowel Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). is different from the consonant sign Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value).. On Wiktionary, only the latter should be used in entries.
| Independent vowels |
UN romanization | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| អ | â | /ʔɑʔ/ |
| អា | a | /ʔa/ |
| ឥ | ĕ | /ʔe/ |
| ឦ | ei | /ʔəj/ |
| ឧ | ŏ | /ʔ/ |
| ឨ | ||
| ឩ | ŭ | /ʔu/ |
| ឪ | ŏu | /ʔɨw/ |
| ឫ | rœ̆ | /ʔrɨ/ |
| ឬ | rœ | /ʔrɨː/ |
| ឭ | lœ̆ | /ʔlɨ/ |
| ឮ | lœ | /ʔlɨː/ |
| ឯ | é | /ʔeː/ |
| ឰ | ai | /ʔaj/ |
| ឱ, ឲ | aô, aôy | /ʔaːo/ |
| ឳ | âu | /ʔaw/ |
Diacritics
မႄးထတ်း| Diacritics | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | nɨkkĕəʾhət (និគ្គហិត) | niggahita; nasalizes the inherent vowels and some of the dependent vowels, see anusvara, sometimes used to represent [aɲ] in Sanskrit loanwords |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | rĕəh muk (រះមុខ) | "shining face"; adds final aspiration to dependent or inherent vowels, usually omitted, corresponds to the visarga diacritic, it maybe included as dependent vowel symbol |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | yukuəl pintuʾ, yukĕəʾlĕəʾ pintuʾ (យុគលពិន្ទុ) | yugala bindu ("pair of dots"); adds final glottalness to dependent or inherent vowels, usually omitted |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | muusekaʾtŏən (មូសិកទន្ត) | mūsikadanta ("mouse teeth"); used to convert some o-series consonants to the a-series |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | trəysap (ត្រីសព្ទ) | trīsabda; used to convert some a-series consonants to the o-series |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | kbiəh kraom (ក្បៀសក្រោម) | also known as bok cəəng (បុកជើង); used in place when the diacritics trəysap and muusekaʾtŏən impede with superscript vowels |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | bɑntɑk (បន្តក់) | used to shorten some vowels |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | rɔbaat (របាទ) répheăk (រេផៈ) |
rapāda, repha; behave similarly to the tŏəndĕəʾkhiət, corresponds to the Devanagari diacritic repha, however it lost its original function which was to represent a vocalic "r" |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | tŏəndĕəʾkhiət (ទណ្ឌឃាដ) | daṇḍaghāta; used to render some letters as unpronounced |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | kaak baat, kaakaʾ baat (កាកបាទ) | kākapāda ("crow's foot"); more a punctuation mark than a diacritic; used in writing to indicate the rising intonation of an exclamation or interjection; often placed on grammatical particles such as /na/, /nɑː/, /nɛː/, /vəːj/, and the feminine response /cah/ |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | ʾahstaa (អស្តា) | denotes stressed intonation in some single-consonant words[1] |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | sangyook saññaa (សំយោគសញ្ញា) | represents a short inherent vowel in Sanskrit and Pali words; usually omitted |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | viriəm (វិរាម) | a mostly obsolete diacritic, corresponds to the virāma |
| Lua error in မေႃႇၵျူး:parameters at line 600: attempt to index local 'param' (a boolean value). | cəəng (ជើង) | a.w. coeng; a sign developed by Unicode to input subscript consonants, appearance of this sign varies among fonts |